Wednesday, March 3, 2010

Psychology Theory (Psychoanalysis) Freud Sigmund

Let learn from master Psychology Sigmund Freud, he originated Psychoanalytics approach base on his experience, he believed that human minds like an iceberg, mostly hidden, and that free association would ultimately let a patient retrieve memories from the unconscious, memories not ordinarily available because they are threatening in some way. Conscious awareness floats above the surface. The pre-conscious contains information which can voluntarily be brought to awareness. The unconscious contains thoughts, feelings, and memories of which a person is unaware and many of which have been repressed, or forcibly blocked from consciousness. finally, Freud developed psychoanalysis, a technique for treating psychological disorders by identifying and resolving problems stored in the unconscious.

The Freudian personality theory (Consciousness Level). Concomitant with his development of psychoanalysis, Freud constructed a theory of personality, which includes the following observations.
  • The Simple Three Personality Structures :
- The Id               = a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy, operates on the pleasure principle, seeks immediate gratification, and is not restrained by reality. It operates solely at the unconscious level.
- The Ego           = These Personality develops in early childhood, operates through the reality principle, which seeks to gratify impulses of the id realistically and to bring long-term pleasure without pain. The ego operates at both the conscious and pre-conscious levels.
- The Superego = emerges as children reach 4 or 5 and internalize the morals of parents and society. The superego acts as a voice of conscience and operates mostly at the pre-conscious level of awareness. People also possess and are driven by a psychological energy called the libido.
  • Children pass through a series of psychosexual stages during which the id seeks pleasure from body areas, erogenous zones, that change during development. The theory: If children have difficulty passing through a particular stage, they are said to have become fixated. Fixation at the phallic stage may create an Oedipus complex for a boy or an Electra complex for a girl. Children resolve these conflicts by identifying with the parent of the same gender.
  • The ego strategically uses defense mechanisms to deal with the anxiety produced by conflicting impulses from the id operating on the pleasure principle and the superego using internalized representation of the parents value system. Defense mechanisms.
These also includes :

  • Repression: preventing dangerous or painful thoughts from entering consciousness.
  • Reaction formation: preventing expression of dangerous impulses by exaggerating opposite behavior.
  • Projection: attributing one's feelings, shortcomings, or unacceptable impulses to others.
  • Displacement: directing impulses toward a less threatening or more acceptable person or object.
  • Regression: retreating to an earlier stage of development.
  • Sublimation: re-channeling of unacceptable impulses into acceptable activities.
  • Denial: refusing to perceive reality, acting as if something did not happen.
  • Compensation: counteracting real or imagined difficulties or weaknesses by emphasizing other traits or excelling in other areas.
  • Intellectualization: separating emotions from threatening situations by thinking and acting impersonally.
  • Fantasy: meeting unfulfilled desires by imagination.